In my ongoing research into practice pads, I have had some difficulty navigating the Google Patents site and getting ****her than about two dozen results. Among these (which refer specifically to drum practice pads), most date from the 1950's or later, and appear to be patents for visual, rather than functional, changes in design.
Thanks to Dave (of this forum) I obtained a set of CD-roms containing multiple drum catalogs from the 1920's through the 1990's, with most showing some kind of practice pad. As I pored over the pages, I discovered something that may be obvious to those of you who are more experienced collectors: many of the pads offered by various houses (Ludwig, Slingerland, et al) appear to have been made in the same factory, sometimes using the sale molds with only a name plate change.
Next step: contacting individual manufacturers and asking for specific design and manufacturing history, and perhaps through that I'll learn why only one or two factories seem to have produced pads for multiple companies. Waiting to hear back from Ludwig (Selmer) and Remo. This could get interesting. Meanwhile, I've picked up a few more pads and this threatens to become a serious hobby.