I agree with others on this being a tough question. It's not that it can't be answered, it's just that there are a multitude of answers. It's like asking "Is antique furniture better than modern furniture?". Talk to 10 different people, and you'll get 10 different answers and 10 different opinions.
As far as your specific question about sound and quality between vintage and modern, that too is difficult to answer. Technology and building methods have improved greatly over time in drum making, but there are plenty of vintage drums that have outstanding build quality, and there are plenty of brand new drums that have cheap parts and construction.
I agree that it's important to find that sound that you like, and try as many different kits as possible, including different sizes, configurations etc. See what you like and you're comfortable with. Don't get caught up in any "hype", be they new or vintage. If you like them and they feel and sound good to you, then they are the best drums in the world for you at that moment. I will offer some general guidelines for your consideration when trying out different kits:
1. Remember that the type of wood used in making drums actually has a small effect on the sound of the drums overall. 90+% of the sound of the drum comes from head selection and tuning. Some different woods accentuate or diminish certain sound qualities (such as birch tends to accentuate mid range frequencies and luan/phillipine mahogany (interchangeable terms) tends to accentuate lower end frequencies), but those are subtle, and much less noticeable than tuning and head selection. Some drummers may not admit to this, but let's say you had 4 drums that were all the exact same size, with the exact same single ply heads and were tuned exactly the same. One was maple, one was birch, one was poplar and one was luan, in a normal room with no microphones, I think all of us would be hard pressed to find any immediately noticeable differences between the drums. However if, you took one of those drums, and swapped out the batter head with a pre-muffled double ply head and left the rest of the drums the same, all of us would easily be able to pick out the one that had it's head changed. So while there are subtle differences in the sound of woods, it pales in comparison to the type of head and how it's tuned.
2. Keeping Point #1 in mind, shell construction quality is also important, and is especially something to check on used drums. You're not going to have much of a problem on new drums, but on used drums, check to make the sure the shell is in good shape structurally. This means no chunks out of the bearing edge, no deep scratches or unnecessary holes from previous tom mounts etc. Is the shell round and true? Some older drums, if not properly cared for, can actually warp or become "egg shaped", thereby making it impossible to fit a head on, let alone tune. Also, check the finish, either wrap or lacquer. While only cosmetic, you want your drums to look great, so check that there are no heavy scratches, lifting of the seam of the wrap, tearing of the wrap, or, especially on older drums, any fading or yellowing of the wrap from UV Sunlight, cigarette smoke etc.
3. Your dollar always go further with used over new. Something to keep in mind. Refer to point # 2 above if you're buying used. You can check the "For Sale" section on this forum and find several used kits. Anyone selling here would be happy to answer any questions and provide plenty of pictures etc. (**Shameless self promotion begin)-- In fact, I'll be listing several kits here in the next week or so, and I would be happy to help you (Shameless self promotion end**). Seriously though, lots of great, knowledgeable and helpful sellers on here. Even if you don't buy from us, we'll be here to help you.
4. Here is general Pro/Con list of new vs. used. I'm sure there are things that I didn't think of and/or that will apply to your specific criteria, but here is a general guide:
NEW DRUMS:
PROS:
-Clean, no damage or abuse (at least there shouldn't be).
-Usually backed by a warranty
-Have many choices of configurations, finishes, sizes etc.
CONS:
-Dollar doesn't go as far.
-Larger difference between initial cost and resale value (if you plan on upgrading/trading down the line)
-No "mojo/vibe" factor.
USED/VINTAGE DRUMS:
PROS:
-"Vibe/Mojo" that only a older kit can provide
-You get more for your money
-Can have a finish/wrap not found on modern drums
-Older wood can mellow out tones slightly and be a little more versatile
-Much smaller difference between original purchase price and resale value. In the case of vintage, they will typically hold steady or increase vs. original purchase price
CONS:
-Need to be "vetted" thoroughly for any damage or construction issues
-Require more time & elbow grease to clean, polish and "fix up" (although most of us here would agree, that's part of the fun!)
-Typically no warranty and are sold "As Is"
-Parts/Accessories can be expensive and/or hard to find
Enjoy your hunt! This forum is a great place. I've learned so much from everyone here and I hope you'll learn and have as much fun interacting on this forum as I have had and will continue to have.
V